What is a Container?
Container is metal boxes used for transporting goods in standard sizes in international trade. Containerization is the cornerstone of modern logistics and more than 90 percent of world trade is carried out with containers. Standard sizes make intermodal transport (sea, road, rail) possible.
ISO standards determine container sizes and technical specifications. This standardization has enabled the creation of compatible transport infrastructure worldwide. Port cranes, truck chassis, and railway wagons are designed according to these standards.
Standard Container Sizes
20 feet container (TEU - Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) is the basic unit of measurement. External dimensions are 6.058 x 2.438 x 2.591 meters. It has approximately 33 cubic meters of internal volume and 21-24 ton cargo capacity.
40 feet container (FEU - Forty-foot Equivalent Unit) is equivalent to two TEUs. It is preferred for more voluminous cargo. High Cube (HC) version offers more volume with 2.896 meter height. 45 feet containers are also available but less common.
Container Types
Dry container is the most common type. It is used for general cargo, palletized loads, and packaged products. It is protected against air and water.
Reefer container is for cargo requiring temperature control. It is used for transporting food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical products. Temperature can be adjusted between minus 25 degrees and plus 25 degrees.
Open Top container is the type with an openable top. High or bulky cargo can be loaded with crane. It is covered with tarpaulin. Suitable for machinery and large parts.
Flat Rack container is a platform without side walls. It is used for heavy and wide cargo. Preferred for project cargo and vehicle transportation.
Tank Container
Tank container is designed for liquid and gas transportation. Chemicals, food liquids, and hazardous materials can be transported. ISO tanks are made according to international standards. Heating or cooling systems can be added.
Container Selection Criteria
Cargo characteristics determine container selection. Weight, volume, sensitivity, and special requirements are evaluated. Appropriate size should be selected for cost optimization. Oversized container increases freight cost.
Container condition should be checked. CSC (Container Safety Convention) certificate should be valid. Undamaged and clean container ensures cargo safety. Container age and maintenance status should be questioned.
Loading and Securing
Proper placement of cargo in container is important. Weight distribution should be balanced. Securing equipment (lashing, dunnage) should be used. Improper loading causes damage during transport.
Conclusion
Container type selection affects transport success. Container suitable for cargo characteristics provides safe and economical transport. Correct loading and securing prevents damages.